Research Methods in Public Service Interpreting and Translation Studies: Epistemologies of Knowledge and Ignorance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/FITISPos-IJ.2020.7.1.261Keywords:
Research methods, Public service interpreting and translation, Epistemology, Epistemologies of ignorance./Métodos de investigación, Traducción e interpretación en los servicios públicos, Epistemología, Epistemologías de la ignorancia.Abstract
Abstract: How disciplines approach their objects of inquiry is a result of their epistemological traditions, which include decisions about what they choose to examine and what they decide to ignore. As an interdiscipline, Interpreting and Translation Studies (ITS) was born to overcome the limits of discipline-specific approaches to translation and interpreting, and when observing complex real-life phenomena, examining issues through an interdisciplinary lens can reveal things that approaches from single disciplines on their own would miss. This feature article reviews how ITS has shaped Public Service Interpreting and Translation (PSIT), focusing specifically on the advantages and vulnerabilities that its interdisciplinary nature yields as regards research methods. Three distinctive features and their impact on research methods are examined: (1) the complexity of the object of inquiry, (2) the novelty of the disciplinary field that aims to scrutinize and to explain PSIT, and (3) the changes that the social sciences in general have undergone and are currently undergoing, opening up new opportunities for research practices and methodological reflections. Contemplations of these features reveal issues identified and the efforts undertaken to tackle them in relation to the internal and external validity of research studies as well as unexplored strengths and roadblocks in the path towards achieving a critical mass of studies that can adequately represent the relevance of PSIT in contemporary societies.
Resumen: La forma en que las disciplinas abordan sus objetos de investigación es el resultado de sus tradiciones epistemológicas, que incluyen elecciones sobre lo que se estudia y lo que se ignora. Como interdisciplina, los Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación (ETI) nacieron para superar los límites de los enfoques disciplinarios que se aproximaron a la traducción y a la interpretación. Al examinar fenómenos complejos de la vida real, las miradas interdisciplinarias pueden observar lo que las disciplinas por sí mismas pasarían por alto. Este artículo revisa la forma en que los ETI han moldeado la Traducción y la Interpretación en los Servicios Públicos (TISP) centrándose específicamente en las ventajas y vulnerabilidades que su naturaleza interdisciplinaria produce en lo que respecta a los métodos de investigación. Se examinan tres características distintivas y su impacto en los métodos de investigación: 1) la complejidad del objeto de estudio, 2) la novedad del campo disciplinario que pretende estudiar y explicar la TISP, y 3) los cambios que las ciencias sociales en general han experimentado y están experimentando actualmente, y que abren nuevas oportunidades para las prácticas investigadoras y las reflexiones metodológicas. Reflexionar sobre esas características revela algunos problemas en relación con la validez interna y externa de las investigaciones y los esfuerzos realizados para abordarlos, así como los puntos fuertes y los obstáculos inexplorados en el camino hacia una masa crítica de estudios que puedan representar adecuadamente la pertinencia de la TISP en las sociedades contemporáneas.
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