Crisis communication and linguistic diversity in Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic: Focus on interpreting and translation services

Authors

  • Tatjana Radanović Felberg OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37536/FITISPos-IJ.2023.1.9.304

Keywords:

crisis communication, Covid-19, linguistic diversity

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected some inhabitants of Norway more than others. Even in the first wave, foreign-born immigrants had more confirmed infections and were hospitalized more frequently than other residents (Indseth et al., 2020). One factor seems to be a lack of information in languages other than Norwegian. Strategic communication of pandemic policies to those who do not speak Norwegian has not functioned on an operational or a grassroots level (NOU, 2021, p. 175). However, after some initial confusion, translations of government information become available on a multitude of platforms. Public service employees,  NGOs, and mediators were involved in targeted information campaigns. This article traces the state of translation and interpretation, including availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adaptability, during the first year  and a half of the Covid-19 pandemic (March 2020 – September 2021) in Norway. Among other issues, the article highlights the importance of making translation and interpreting essential services in future contingency plans.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

References

Bakken, J. D. (2020, 25 March). Her får du korona-informasjon på flere språk. [You can find information about corona in different languages here.] NRK nettavis. https://www.nrk.no/osloogviken/ nrk-oversetter-korona-artikler-til-flere- sprak-1.14959079

Brekke, J.P. (2021). Kapittel 8: Årsaker til forskjeller i korona-smitte i tre innvandrermiljøer. [Chapter 8: Causes of differences in corona infection in three immigrant communities.] In Indseth T. (Ed.) 2021. Koronapandemien og innvandrerbefolkningen, vurderinger og erfaringer [Corona pandemic and immigrant population, assessments and experiences.] Rapport Folkehelseinstituttet 2021.

Bydel Gamle Oslo. (n.d.). Sluttrapport Ambassadørprosjektet. [Final report. Ambassador project. ] https://www.imdi.no/contentassets/bc9794198c95407eb63f313ffd907dd1/ambassadorprosjektet_sluttrapport.pdf

DSB - Direktoratet for samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap. [Directorate for Civil Protection and Preparedness] (2016). Veileder – krisekommunikasjon. [Guide – crisis communication.] Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.dsb.no/lover/risiko-sarbarhet-og-beredskap/veileder/veileder-krisekommunikasjon/

Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act. (2018). Act relating to equality and a prohibition against discrimination (LOV-2017-06-16-51). https://lovdata.no/dokument/NLE/lov/2017-06-16-51].

Ezzati, R.T. (2021). Kapittel 7: Erfaringer fra felt: smittesporerne [Chapter 7: Experiences from the field: contact tracers] In Indseth T. (Ed.) 2021. Koronapandemien og innvandrerbefolkningene, vurderinger og erfaringer, [Corona pandemic and immigrant population, assessments and experiences.] Rapport Folkehelseinstituttet 2021.

Ezzati, R.T. & Hussaini, L. (2021). Kapittel 6: Erfaringer fra felt: Oslo kommune og utvalgte bydeler. [Chapter 6: Experiences from the field: Oslo municipality and selected city districts] In Indseth T. (red.) 2021. Koronapandemien og innvandrerbefolkningene, vurderinger og erfaringer. [Corona pandemic and immigrant population, assessments and experiences.] Rapport Folkehelseinstituttet.

Felberg, T.R. (2021). “Norwegian-Somalis are best suited to inform Norwegian-Somalis”: Crisis communication, linguistic diversity and social (in)equality during the initial stages of the Covid-19 pandemic as represented by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK). Journal of Language and Discrimination, 5(2), 90-117.

Felberg, T.R. (2021a) Project: Quality assurance of translation in public sector in Norway during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Felberg, T.R., & Skaaden, H. (2021, 2-3 December) Linguistic diversity and

trust building in a case of crisis [Paper presentation], CEL/ELC Online Conference.

Helsedirektoratet. (2018). Rett til medvirkning og informasjon. [Right to participation and information] Retrieved 19 May 2021 from https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/rundskriv/pasient-og-brukerrettighetsloven- med-kommentarer/rett-til-medvirkning-og-informasjon/informasjonens-form

IMDi. (2020). Tolking i offentlig sektor i 2019 og tolking under koronapandemien. [Interpreting in the public sector in 2019 and interpreting during corona pandemic.]

https://www.imdi.no/globalassets/dokumenter/tolk/faktaark_tolk_2020.pdf

IMDi (2020a). Forslag til tiltak for å redusere Covid-19-smitte blant innvandrere. Rapport fra ekspertgruppe. [Proposed measures to reduce Covid-19 infection among immigrants. Report from expert group] 4. desember 2020. Oslo.

IMDi. (2020b). Hvordan har koronasituasjonen påvirket din arbeidshverdag som tolk. [How has corona situation influenced your work as interpreter.]

Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.imdi.no/contentassets/ 05fdc1489d7a455ba2b163eff83b59ac/hvordan-har-koronasituasjonen-pavirket- din-arbeidshverdag-som-tolk.pdf

Indseth, T., Godøy, A., Kjøllesdal, M., Arnesen, T., Jacobsen, C., Grøsland, M., & Telle, K. (2020). Covid-19 etter fødeland: personer testet, bekreftet smittet og relaterte innleggelser og dødsfall. [Covid-19 according to country of birth: persons tested, confirmed infections, related hospitalization and deaths.] Folkehelseinstitutet. Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.fhi.no/globalassets/dokumenterfiler/rapporter/2020/covid-19-etter-fodeland-personer-testet-bekreftet-smittet-og-relaterte-innleggelser-og-dodsfall-rapport-2020-v2.pdf.

Indseth, T., Elgersma, I., Strand, B.H., Telle, K., Hernæs, K., & Arnesen, T. (2021). Kapittel 2: Covid-19: Påvist smitte, testing, innleggelser, død, og reiseaktivitet blant innvandrere i Norge, perioden fra februar 2020 til mai 2021. [Chapter 2: Covid-19: confirmed nfections, testing, hospitalizations, deaths, and travel activity among immigrants in Norway, the period from February 2020 to May 2021] In T. Indseth (Ed.), Koronapandemien og innvandrerbefolkningene, vurderinger og erfaringer. [Corona pandemic and immigrant population, assessments and experiences.] Rapport Folkehelseinstituttet.

Indseth, T., Telle, K., Labberton, A., Kjøllesdal, M., Ezzati, R.T., Gele, A., Sheikh, N., Methi, F., Harris, J.R., & Arnesen, T. (2021a). Kapittel 3: Mulige forklaringer på overrepresentasjon i påvist smitte og innleggelser. [Chapter 3: Possible explanations about overrepresentations of confirmed infections and hospitalizations.] In T. Indseth (Ed.) Koronapandemien og innvandrerbefolkningene, vurderinger og erfaringer. [Corona pandemic and immigrant population, assessments and experiences.] Rapport Folkehelseinstituttet.

Jahr, K. (2005). Rett til tolk, Tolking og oversettelse i norsk straffeprosess. [ Right to interpreter, Interpreting and translation in Norwegian criminal proceedings.]Oslo. Retrieved 13 May 2021 from

https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/kilde/jd/rap/2005/0005/ddd/pdfv/240

-rett_til_tolk.pdf

Jørnholt, M., Eliassen, H.Ø., & Yidliz, M. (2020, 8 April). Her er videoer om korona på ulike språk, [Here are the videos about corona in different languages.]

NRK nettavis. https://www.nrk.no/kultur/her-er- informasjonsvideoer-om-korona-pa-ulike- sprak-1.14978101

Kale, E. (2018). Communication barriers in healthcare consultations with immigrant patients. PhD dissertation. Oslo: University of Oslo.

Kunnskapsdepartementet. (2021). Rapport fra ekspertgruppe. Innvandrerbefolkningen under koronapandemien. Smitte, vaksine og konsekvenser for integrering. [Report from expert group. Immigrant population during corona pandemic. Infection, vaccine and integration consequences.] Retrieved 2 January 2022 from https://www.imdi.no/contentassets/c10db702b4fc4c25b6c0d2073a05617b/innvandrerbefolkningen_under_koronapandemien.pdf

Lien, M.S., & Andersen, Ø. (2021). Norge er åpent. [Norway is open.]

Dagbladet nettavis. https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/norge-har-apnet/74267913

Lov om domstolene (domstolloven) [Courts Act]

(1927). https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1915-08-13-5

Lov om offentlige organers ansvar for bruk av tolk mv. (tolkeloven) [Act on public bodies’ responsibility for the use of interpreters etc. (Interpreting Act).]

(2021) https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2021-06-11-79

Lov om pasient- og brukerrettigheter (pasient- og brukerretighetsloven). [Act on patients’ rights] (2001). https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1999-07-02-63

Meld. St. 16. (2012–2013) Beredskap mot pandemisk influensa. [Preparedness for pandemic infuenza.] Det kongelige helse-og omsorgsdepartmenetet.

Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.regjeringen. no/no/dokumenter/meld-st-16-20122013/id716183/?ch=4

Norwegian Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs (NMGARCA). (2009). Central government communication policy. Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/fad/vedlegg/informasjonspolitikk/statkompol_eng.pdf.

NOU 2021: 6. (2021). Myndighetenes håndtering av koronapandemien. [The authorities’ handling of corona pandemic] Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/nou-2021-6/id2844388/.

NOU 2014: 8. (2014) Tolking i offentlig sektor – et spørsmål om rettsikkerhet og likeverd. [Interpreting in the public sector – a question relating to the right to due process of law and equal treatment] Retrieved 19 May 2021 from https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/ NOU-2014-8/id2001246/

NRK. (2007). A gigantic small broadcaster. Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.

nrk.no/about/a-gigantic-small-broadcaster-1.3698462

Næss, A. (2018). Trust, cultural health capital, and immigrants’ health care integration in Norway. Sociology, 53(2), 297-313. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0038038518793371?casa_token=tmPMuezup4IAAAAA%3AiJB9KfWQu8EsEavoWjbzJNWluNeiIhp5qu04ZEZEWjjyPSfBVcxgTGt_0VSfsfhlXqlDgHX2sLWb

O’Brien, S., Federici, F.M., Cadwell, P., Marlowe, J., & Gerber, B. (2018). Language translation during disaster: A comparative analysis of five national approaches. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31, 627-636.

Orderud, G.I., Ruud, M.E., Wiig, H., & Tronstad, K.R. (2021). Covid-19: informasjon, etterlevelse og vaksinasjon blant innvandrere – en kunnskapsoppsummering. []

NIBR report 2021:11.

Oslo kommune. (n.d.). Overordnet beredskapsplan for Oslo kommune. [General contingency plan for Oslo municipality] Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/13364318-1584100344/Tjenester%20og%20tilbud/Politikk%20og%20administrasjon/Egenberedskap/Kommunens%20arbeid%20med%20samfunnssikkerhet%20og%20beredskap/Overordnet%20beredskapsplan%20for%20Oslo%20kommune.pdf

Ozolins, U. (2010). Factors that determine the provision of public service interpreting: Comparative perspectives on government motivation and language service implementation. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 14, 194-215. https://www.jostrans.org/issue14/art_ozolins.pdf

Piller, I., Zhang, J., & Li, J. (2020). Linguistic diversity in a time of crisis: Language challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Multilingua, 39(5), 503-515. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2020-0136

Piller, I. (2016). Linguistic diversity and social justice. Oxford University Press.

Sheikh, N.S., Spilker, R.S., Nordstrøm, C., Duahle, H., Tsige, S.A., Kour, P., Qureshi, S., Gawad, M., & Gele, A. (2021). Kapittel 9: Erfaringer fra felt: Perspektiver fra personer med innvandrerbakgrunn. [Chapter 9: Experiences from the field: Perspectives from persons with immigrant background.] In T. Indseth (Ed.), Koronapandemien og innvandrerbefolkningene, vurderinger og erfaringer. Rapport Folkehelseinstituttet.

Skogheim, R., Orderud, G.I., Ekne Ruud, M., & Søholt, S. (2020a). Informasjon og tiltak rettet mot innvandrerbefolkningen i forbindelse med Covid 19. Delrapport 1. [Information and measures targeting immigrant population in connection with Covid-19. Part 1.]

NIBR-rapport 2020:28.

Skogheim, R., Orderud, G.I., Ekne Ruud, M., & Søholt, S. (2020b). Informasjon og tiltak rettet mot innvandrerbefolkningen i forbindelse med Covid 19 Delrapport 2. [Information and measures targeting immigrant population in connection with Covid-19. Part 2.]

NIBR-rapport 2020:27.

Skogheim, R., Orderud, G.I., Ekne Ruud, M., & Søholt, S. (2021). Informasjon og tiltak rettet mot innvandrerbefolkningen i forbindelse med Covid 19. [Information and measures targeting immigrant population in connection with Covid-19.] NIBR-rapport 2021:6.

SSB – Statistics Norway. (2020). Fakta om innvandring. [Facts about immigration.] Retrieved 13 May 2021 from https://www.ssb.no/ innvandring-og-innvandrere/faktaside/innvandring

SSB – Statistics Norway. (2021). Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre. [Immigrants and Norwegian born with immigrant parents. ]Retrieved 19 May 2021 from https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-og- norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre

Downloads

Published

2022-06-08